Rapid industrialization and economic growth have intensified the impact of oily contaminants on human health and economic activities. This study developed an sorbent for oil spill remediation in aquatic systems using lignin-derived carbon flakes. Melamine foam, known for its commercial applicability, was used as a polymer matrix, with lignin serving as a binding agent for carbon flake coating. The modified foam exhibited a contact angle of 139°, confirming successful hydrophobization. The foam demonstrated an oil sorption capacity of 49–105 g/g for various organic solvents and showed excellent reusability through repeated sorption-desorption cycles and structural stability tests. This study highlighted the potential of lignin as a renewable resource for creating high-value, green sorbents, contributing to sustainable environmental management and a circular economy.